Can I Have a Us Passport and a French Passport

History and regulations of French citizenship

Parliament of France
Long title An Act relating to French citizenship
Enacted past	Government of France
Condition: Electric current legislation

French nationality constabulary is historically based on the principles of jus soli (Latin for "right of soil") and jus sanguinis,^[1] according to Ernest Renan's definition, in opposition to the High german definition of nationality, jus sanguinis (Latin for "right of claret"), formalised past Johann Gottlieb Fichte.

The 1993 Méhaignerie Police, which was role of a broader immigration control agenda to restrict admission to French nationality and increase the focus on jus sanguinis as the citizenship determinant for children born in France,^[ii] required children built-in in France of foreign parents to request French nationality at machismo, rather than being automatically accorded citizenship. This "manifestation of will" requirement was later abrogated by the Guigou Constabulary of 1998,^[3] just children built-in in France of foreign parents remain foreign until obtaining legal majority.

Children born in France to tourists or other brusk-term visitors do not acquire French citizenship by virtue of birth in France: residency must be proven. Since immigration became increasingly a political theme in the 1980s, both left-fly and right-wing governments have issued several laws restricting the possibilities of beingness naturalized.^{[ citation needed ]}

History [edit]

French nationality and citizenship were concepts that existed even earlier the French Revolution.

Later on, in the late 1700s and early 1800s, French republic was fairly unique amid countries in tying its nationality laws to its election laws, and working to increase the joint ambit of citizenship and the right of the franchise.^[4]

19th century [edit]

At that place are three key dates in the legal history of naturalization:

Naturalization

Year	Result
1804	Civil Code, which allowed the possibility of naturalization.
1851	third generation immigrants (those with one parent built-in on French soil) were allowed to naturalize.
1889	2d generation immigrants (those built-in on French soil) were allowed to naturalize in one case they reached the age of majority.

Shortly afterward the approval of the French constitutions, statesman Jean-Jacques-Régis de Cambacérès drafted and presented a new civil code that would unify private law, including nationality constabulary—and with application for all French citizens outside of France.^[iv]

3rd Republic [edit]

Military service and country education were 2 processes key to the cosmos of a common national civilization. War machine conscription (universal from 1872, in theory if not in practice) brought inhabitants of the state's regions together for the first time, creating bonds of friendship and encouraging the use of French rather than regional languages. Universal teaching (the aim of the Jules Ferry Laws, 1879–1886) brought the whole of the population into contact with land-sanctioned version of French history and identity. Land teachers, the "Black hussars of the Republic,"^[5] conveyed the national linguistic communication to the people of the regions.

In a serial of expansions in the late 1800s, French nationality law was liberalized for great conferment of French citizenship, partly with an eye to increasing French military ranks.^[4] These included re-introduction of simple jus soli (at first with a right of the person to repudiate French citizenship, merely that correct was later on removed), elimination of the loss of citizenship when emigrating from France, and repeal of the loss of citizenship by a French woman on marriage to a foreigner when she did non automatically obtain her husband's citizenship.^[iv]

20th century [edit]

In 1927, French nationality law was farther loosened to increase naturalization so as to attract a larger piece of work force for French manufacture.^[4] The measure also extracted the nationality law from the French civil code and made it an independent text, as it had grown too big and unwieldy.^[4]

Legislation in 1934, motivated by xenophobia, imposed burdens on naturalized citizens and provided the government powers to forfeit citizenship, which the Nazi-collaborator Vichy authorities used widely.^[4]

A 1945 post-war measure promulgated a comprehensive nationality lawmaking that established very lengthy and detailed rules to shield citizens from authorities whimsy.^[4]

Amendments were past legislation in 1962 and past constitutions in 1946 and 1958, with the latter creating the status of "citoyen de la Communauté", vaguely akin to the British condition of "Denizen of the Great britain and Colonies" established by the British Nationality Act 1948.^[4]

The 1993 police that attempted to restrict conferral of French citizenship also transferred the contents of the Lawmaking de la Nationalité Française back into the Code Civil, where they had existed from 1803 until 1927.^[2]

Acquisition of citizenship [edit]

There are various ways a person can acquire French citizenship, either at birth or afterward on in life. The nationality provisions of French law are detailed in the opening divisions of the fr:Code ceremonious des Français.

• The attribution of French nationality tin be due to filiation. (Jus sanguinis)
• The attribution of French nationality tin can exist given by birth in France (Jus soli) if other requirements (such every bit residence in French republic) are also met.

French citizenship by nascence in metropolitan France and its overseas territories [edit]

Children born in France (including overseas territories) to at least one parent who was also born in France automatically acquire French citizenship at birth (double jus soli).

A child built-in in France to strange parents may larn French citizenship:^[6]

• at birth, if stateless.
• at 18, if resident in France with at to the lowest degree 5 years' residence since age 11.
• betwixt 16 and xviii upon request by the child and if resident in France with at least five years' residence since historic period xi.
• between xiii and 16 upon request by the kid'due south parents and if resident in France continuously since age 8.
• if born in France to parents born earlier independence in a one-time French sovereign colony/territory:
  • at birth, if born in France earlier January 1, 1994.
  • at age 18, if born in French republic on or later on January 1, 1994.

A kid who was born away and who has only i French parent tin repudiate their French nationality during the six months prior to their reaching the age of bulk, or in the year which follows it (article 19-four of the Ceremonious Code).

French citizenship by birth away to at least one French citizen [edit]

The child (legitimate or natural) is French if at least one parent is French.

In the case of an adoption, the child has French nationality only under the "full adoption" government.

Parentage to the parent from whom the French nationality is claimed, must exist established while the child is yet a small (under xviii).

When the kid is born abroad from a French parent, it is essential for the French parent to record the birth of the child in the French civil annals. In the event of litigation or to institute definitive proof of French nationality (or request a French passport) French nationality may be established by petitioning for a French nationality document from the Tribunal d'Instance (local court) of the person'due south place of residence, or if residing abroad, via the French Nationality Office in Paris^[7] having jurisdiction over French persons residing abroad.

French citizenship by descent limitations [edit]

Article 30-3 of the French Civil Code (previously numbered Article 95 of the French nationality lawmaking) is a "long-standing bone of contention" in French nationality police force that can act every bit a applied limitation on the number of generations under which French citizenship by descent may exist transmitted through births outside France.^{[8] [9] [2]}

Under that provision, a person cannot prove his French citizenship past descent to French authorities when neither that person nor his French parent(s) had, for l years, "possession d'état de Français" (contact or links with French regime, such as a French passport renewal, voting registration, French consular registration, and so on), while residing outside France.^{[eight] [9]}

The 1993 legislation did insert a new Commodity 21-14 into the Civil Lawmaking, offering such kickoff and 2d generation offspring of French emigrants the opportunity to "reclaim French citizenship through elementary declaration", if they demonstrate military, "cultural, professional, economical, or family unit connections with France".^{[eight] [nine]}

French citizenship by birth in France [edit]

A kid (legitimate or natural) is French if born in France to at least i parent who (i) is a French citizen; or (2) was besides born in French republic (even if the parent is not themselves a French denizen). The principle in signal (ii) is known every bit double jus soli.

A child built-in in French republic before i January 1994 to a parent born in a former French overseas territory prior to its acquisition of independence, is automatically French. The aforementioned is true for a child born after 1 January 1963, to a parent built-in in Algeria before 3 July 1962.

Nativity in France to strange parents [edit]

If both parents are strange and neither parent was born in French republic, just beingness born in France does not confer French citizenship at birth, except for children born to unknown or stateless parents, or if the citizenship laws of the parents' countr(y)/-ies of origin do not allow citizenship to be transferred to the child.

There are cases in which a kid built-in in France to foreign parents can learn French citizenship at various points during their childhood and upon turning 18, subject area to certain conditions.

French citizenship acquired at age 13–sixteen [edit]

The strange parents of a kid aged between 13 and 16 can obtain French citizenship for their child by making a announcement if all of the post-obit conditions are met:^[ten]

• The child was born in France;
• The child has had their main residence in France since the age of 8;
• The kid resides in France on the day on which the parents make the declaration;
• The child consents to the announcement being made (unless the child has a mental or physical disability that renders consent impossible).

French citizenship acquired at age sixteen–eighteen [edit]

A child aged betwixt 16 and 18 and built-in to foreign parents can obtain French citizenship by making a annunciation if all of the post-obit conditions are met:^[eleven]

• The child was built-in in French republic;
• The child resides in France on the day on which they make the declaration;
• The child has had their main residence in France for a total (only non necessarily continuous) period of at least five years since the age of 11.

The child does not require parental consent to make this declaration, unless they have a mental or physical disability that renders them unable to perform the procedure unilaterally.

French citizenship caused automatically at historic period 18 [edit]

A child built-in to foreign parents acquires French citizenship automatically upon turning 18 if all of the following weather are met:.^[12]

• The child was born in French republic;
• The child resides in French republic on their 18th birthday; and
• The kid has had their primary residence in France for a full (but not necessarily continuous) period of at to the lowest degree v years since the age of 11.

The child born in France to foreign parents, may however decline French nationality.^[13]

French citizenship past adoption [edit]

Plenary adoption is the only human activity of filiation which carries direct effects on nationality. Unlike the procedure of simple adoption, a child adopted co-ordinate to the process of plenary adoption breaks any bond with his family unit of origin.^[14]

Filiation must be established while the child is a pocket-size to accept upshot. Consequently, the recognition of a child older than the historic period of majority has no effect on his or her nationality.

French citizenship past naturalization [edit]

Eligibility resulting from residency [edit]

A person aged 18 or higher up may utilise for French citizenship by naturalization later on five years' habitual and continuous residence in French republic (if married and with children, then the applicant must be living in France with his/her family).^[fifteen] In addition, information technology is required that the applicant has his/her chief source of income in France during the five-year period. Those applying who are non European Union, European Economical Area or Swiss nationals are required to be in possession of a "titre de séjour" (a residence permit).

• The residence period may be completely waived for those who have served in the French military, for refugees, or in other exceptional cases.^[16]
• The residence flow tin can be reduced to two years for a person who has either (a) completed ii years of college instruction in French republic, leading to a diploma, or (b) has provided or tin provide of import services to France due to his or her skills and talents, or (c) has completed an exceptional path of integration (activities or deportment carried out in the civic, scientific, economic, cultural or sporting fields, etc.) .^[xvi]

The residence period is counted backwards from the date on which the bidder lodged his/her naturalization application.

The applicant must testify that he/she has been residing legally in France during the five-twelvemonth residence period. Any periods of irregular residence in France earlier the 5-yr residence period will not be taken into account when the awarding is considered. If the applicant's residence catamenia is completely waived, he/she must take resided legally in French republic in the 2 years immediately preceding the date on which he/she lodged his/her naturalization application.^[17]

Naturalization will only be successful for those who are judged to take integrated into French society (i.e. past virtue of language skills and understanding of rights and responsibilities of a French citizen, to be demonstrated during an interview at the local prefecture, as well as an ability and/or potential to integrate in the labour marketplace), and who respect the values of French society. The applicant must also exist of good character (no criminal offences with a judgement of 6 months' imprisonment or more and no tax avoidance). In assessing the applicant'due south grapheme, the decision reached must exist proportionate (for example, a naturalization awarding should not exist rejected solely because the applicant occasionally declared/paid taxes late).^[18]

Naturalization through residency is accorded by publication of a decree in the Journal Officiel past conclusion of the Home Ministry and the prefecture of the region where the applicant has submitted his/her application. There is an obligatory filibuster of 12 months from the date of submission before the applicant is notified of the event of his/her naturalisation application.

Eligibility resulting from marriage to a French denizen [edit]

The partner of a French national can apply for nationality, and must be able to prove that they take been married for v years and alive together, (four years if the couple can prove continuous residence in France for three years since the wedding, or if when living abroad, the French spouse has been registered as a French citizen living abroad (article 79 of law 2006-911 published in the JO of 25/07/2006).) The applicant must also have a skilful knowledge of the French language, spoken and written, and the couple must appear in person together to sign documents.^[19]

Eligibility resulting from service in the Foreign Legion. [edit]

Foreign nationals may apply for naturalization after three years of service in the Foreign Legion, a wing of the French Army that is open up to men of any nationality. Furthermore, a soldier wounded in battle fighting for France may immediately apply for naturalization nether the principle of "Français par le sang versé" ("French by spilled blood").^[20]

French citizenship and identity [edit]

According to the French Republic, the French people are those who are in possession of French nationality. According to the French Constitution, "France shall be an indivisible, secular, autonomous and social Republic. It shall ensure the equality of all citizens before the law, without distinction of origin, race or religion. Information technology shall respect all beliefs. It shall be organised on a decentralised basis." Commodity 1

Since the middle of the 19th century, France has exhibited a very high rate of clearing, mainly from Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Maghreb, Africa and Asia. Co-ordinate to a 2004 report by INED researcher Michèle Tribalat France has approximately 14 meg persons (out of nearly 63 million, or approximately 22%) (see demographics of French republic) of foreign ascendancy (immigrants or with at least one parent or grandparent immigrant).

The absenteeism of official statistics on French citizens of foreign origin is deliberate. Under French constabulary passed afterwards the Vichy government, it is forbidden to categorize people according to their indigenous origins. In France, like in many other European countries, censuses practise not collect information on supposed ancestry. Moreover, all French statistics are forbidden to take any references concerning ethnic membership. Thus, the French government'south assimilationist opinion towards immigration also as towards regional identities and cultures, together with the political heritage of the French Revolution has led to the evolution of a French identity which is based more on the notion of citizenship than on cultural, historical or indigenous ties.

For that reason, French identity must not necessarily be associated with the "ethnic French people" merely tin can exist associated with either a nationality and citizenship, or a civilization and language-based group. The latter forms the basis for La Francophonie, a group of French-speaking countries, or countries with historical and cultural association to French republic. The concept of "French ethnicity" exists outside France's borders, in particular in Quebec where some people claim membership to a "French ethnic group", just once more many view information technology as not so much ethnicity-based as linguistic communication-based and would besides include immigrants from, for example, Lebanon and Haiti. France'southward particular self-perception means that French identity may include a naturalized, French-speaking ethnic Portuguese, Italian, Spaniard, Pole, Romanian, Lebanese, Vietnamese, Tunisian, Algerian or Moroccan. Nonetheless, like in other European countries, some level of discrimination occurs, and there are college unemployment rates among job-seekers with foreign-sounding names.

Rights and obligations of French citizens [edit]

In modern France, in general, the rights are fundamentally the aforementioned as those in other Eu countries.

Despite the official discourse of universality, French nationality has not meant automatic citizenship. Some categories of French people accept been excluded, throughout the years, from full citizenship:

• Women: Until the Liberation, they were deprived of the right to vote. The provisional government of General de Gaulle accorded them this right past the Apr 21, 1944 prescription.^[21]
• Military machine: For a long time, the war machine was called the Grande muette ("The Big Mute") in reference to its prohibition against interfering in political life. During a large part of the Third Republic (1871–1940), the Army was in the main anti-republican (and thus counterrevolutionary), the Dreyfus Affair and the May 16, 1877 crisis that led to a monarchist putsch by MacMahon being examples of this anti-republican spirit. That character of the war machine would brand them gain the right to vote simply after the August 17, 1945 prescription, the contribution of De Gaulle to the interior French Resistance, which reconciled the Army with the Republic. Nevertheless, the members of the armed services do not benefit from all public liberties, as the July 13, 1972 law on the full general statute of militaries specifies.
• Young people: The July 1974 law instituted at the instigation of the president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing reduced the coming of age to 18, which thus fabricated some teenagers full citizens.
• Naturalized foreigners: Since January 9, 1973, foreigners who have acquired French nationality practice not have to wait five years after their naturalization to exist able to vote.
• Inhabitants of the colonies: The May 7, 1946 law stated that soldiers from the "Empire" (such every bit the tirailleurs) killed during Globe State of war I and Earth War Ii were not citizens.^[22]

Modern Citizenship is linked to civic participation (also called positive freedom), which includes voting, demonstrations, petitions, activism, etc.

Some scholars, such every bit Annette Joseph Gabriel, argue that citizenship is office of a colonial calendar and is not a universal exercise.^[23] In lodge to create an equitable and safe space for all, she believes that there must be several unlike forms of belonging so that everyone feels included instead of being tied to one sole identity gene.^[23] She as well argues for what she calls decolonial citizenship, which is work has already been done by blackness women such as Suzanne Cesaire, Jane Vialle, and Paulette Nardal.^[23] Although their activism fought against colonialism and fought for multiple cultural and racial identities to be noted, their ideologies were sadly overlooked and silenced.^[23]

Travel freedom of French citizens [edit]

Visa requirements for French citizens are administrative entry restrictions past the authorities of other states placed on citizens of France. As of May 2020, French citizens had visa-complimentary or visa on arrival access to 189 countries and territories, ranking the French passport 2d in terms of travel freedom (tied with the Canadian, Italian, South Korean, Spanish, and Swedish passports) according to the Henley Passport Index.^[24]

The French nationality is ranked number one as of 2022 in The Quality of Nationality Alphabetize (QNI). The ranking is considering internal factors such as peace & stability, economic strength, and human development and external factors such as travel liberty. France's comparative reward lies in its greater settlement liberty (attributable mainly to the country's former colonial empire.^[25])

Dual citizenship [edit]

Dual citizenship was officially recognized for both men and women on 9 January 1973; since then, possession of more 1 nationality does not impact French nationality.^{[26] [27]}

Before 19 Oct 1945, dual nationality was prohibited and any French national who caused some other nationality before that day automatically lost French nationality unless they were male person nationals under the obligation of armed forces service and did not sought for the release of their French nationality past decree.^[28] Until 1927, women who married a non-French national were also^{[ description needed ]} subject to the automatic loss of nationality if they acquired their husbands' nationalities upon marriage.^[29]

The 1945 French Nationality Code (ordonnance northward° 45-2441) added a provision to point that for a maximum menstruum of 5 years following the "legal cessation of hostilities", the permission for the loss of nationality must be sought from the French government if the person was male person and nether the age of 50.^[30] The transitional period was accounted to have ended on 1 June 1951.^[31] Likewise, the new code specified that a woman would lose her French nationality only when she alleged that she did not want to remain French after marriage.^[32]

The 1954 amendment to the Nationality Code (loi n° 54-395) removed the five-yr flow and, retroactively from 1 June 1951, no male national of France under the age of l would be subject area to the automatic loss provision (department 87) of the 1945 Nationality Code without the specific permission from the French government.^[33] This limited the automated loss of nationality to men over 50 and women, every bit the permissions to lose French nationality were automatically given to them upon their naturalizations.^{[34] [31]} In 2013, a woman who lost her French nationality under section 87 appealed to the Constitutional Council, which found the provision to exist unconstitutional nether the 1946 Constitution and the 1789 Declaration and ordered the reinstatement of her nationality.^{[35] [31] [36]} As a upshot of this conclusion, all women who lost their nationality between 1951 and 1973 solely under section 87 may voluntarily request for the reinstatement of their nationality by invoking this decision, and their descendents would also be able to invoke this decision if their female ancestors have done so.^{[31] [37]}

Since 1973, dual nationality has been legalized for all French nationals, although a person might nevertheless be deprived of their French nationality under bilateral or multilateral treaties or agreements French republic concluded with other countries.^[38] In 2007, the Ministry of Justice concluded that a French male residing in the netherlands and naturalized as a Dutch national in 2006 based on his union to a Dutch human being lost his French nationality upon naturalization, because a 1985 agreement betwixt French republic and the Netherlands stipulated that any national of either country who acquired the other country's nationality would cease to be a national of their country of origin.^[39] A provision in the understanding provided exemptions for married couples, merely as France did not recognize same-sex marriage in 2006, it was deemed to be not applicable to him every bit he was not considered to be married under French law.^[39]

Due to the case which sparked national outrage, the Sarkozy assistants announced that information technology would be taking steps to denounce some portions in the agreements with the Netherlands and other countries in 2009.^[39] France later denounced Chapter I of the Council of Europe'south Convention on the Reduction of Cases of Multiple Nationality and on Military Obligations in Cases of Multiple Nationality of May six, 1963. The denunciation took effect on March 5, 2009.^[40]

Citizenship of the European Union [edit]

Considering France forms office of the European Marriage, French citizens are also citizens of the European Marriage nether European Matrimony police and thus bask rights of free movement and have the right to vote in elections for the European Parliament.^[41] When in a non-EU land where there is no French diplomatic mission, French citizens have the correct to get consular protection from the embassy of any other European union country nowadays in that country.^{[42] [43]} French citizens can live and work in any country inside the EU and EFTA as a effect of the correct of free movement and residence granted in Article 21 of the European union Treaty.^[44]

Denaturalization [edit]

According to Giorgio Agamben, France was one of the first European countries to pass denaturalization laws, in 1915, with regard to naturalized citizens of "enemy" origins. Its example was followed past most European countries.

As early every bit July 1940, Vichy France fix a special Committee charged with reviewing the naturalizations granted since the 1927 reform^{[ commendation needed ]} of the nationality law. Between June 1940 and Baronial 1944, fifteen,000 persons, by and large Jews, were denaturalized.^[45] This bureaucratic designation was instrumental in their subsequent internment and murder.

Previous law: Article 21-19(5º) [edit]

In 2001, as Neb Clinton finished his second term every bit President of the U.S. (the legal limit of terms under the U.Southward. Constitution), a theory was published by CNN that he could claim citizenship of France and run for leadership there.^[46] The open-letter by historian Patrick Weil held that a piffling known "law, passed in 1961 [article 21-19(5º)], enables people from one-time French territories to apply for immediate naturalisation, bypassing the normal v-yr residency requirement for would-be French citizens."^[47] As Clinton was built-in in Arkansas which had been part of French Louisiana before it was sold to the United states, information technology was held that he would qualify under this police force. And equally a naturalised French citizen, he could run in the French presidential ballot.

Clinton himself afterward repeated this claim in 2022 every bit an agreeable thought when speaking to an interviewer.^[48] Clinton had always dismissed the idea, and at the time of his retelling of the story in 2012, unknown to him, the possibility had already concluded. This was considering article 21-19(5º) of the Code civil was repealed (by article 82 of police force 2006-911) on July 25, 2006 nether the direction of Nicolas Sarkozy, who was then Minister of the Interior. Since "Weil's article made this provision of the French nationality law notorious, the French parliament abolished it".^{[49] [50]}

See also [edit]

• French Foreign Legion
• French people living outside France
• Immigration to French republic
• Illegal immigration

References [edit]

1. ^ "Dans quels cas un enfant est-il Français ?". www.service-public.fr.
2. ^ ^{a b c} Bertossi, Christophe (2010). European Academy Found – EUDO Citizenship Observatory (ed.). "State Report: France" (PDF).
3. ^ "French Embassy".
4. ^ ^{a b c d due east f g h i} Plender, Richard (October 1974). "The New French Nationality Law". International and Comparative Law Quarterly. 23 (4): 709–715. doi:10.1093/iclqaj/23.iv.709. JSTOR 758412.
5. ^ from Charles Péguy's L'Argent
6. ^ Vink, Maarten P.; de Groot, Gerard René (November 2010). "Birthright Citizenship: Trends and Regulation in Europe" (PDF). EUDO Citizenship Obvservatory. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 November 2012. Retrieved 13 January 2012.
7. ^ "Bureau de la nationalité – Annuaire | service-public.fr". lannuaire.service-public.fr (in French). Retrieved 29 May 2018.
8. ^ ^{a b c} Joppke, Christian (2003). "Citizenship betwixt De- and Re- Ethnicization". European Journal of Sociology. 44 (3): 445–449. doi:x.1017/S0003975603001346. JSTOR 23999548. S2CID 232174590.
9. ^ ^{a b c} Government of France. "Code civil des Français" [Civil Lawmaking] (PDF). Translated by Gruning, David Due west. (one July 2013 ed.). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 April 2016.
10. ^ "Nationalité française d'un enfant né en France de parents étrangers | service-public.fr". www.service-public.fr . Retrieved 24 April 2019.
11. ^ "Nationalité française d'un enfant né en French republic de parents étrangers | service-public.fr". www.service-public.fr . Retrieved 24 April 2019.
12. ^ "Nationalité française d'un enfant né en France de parents étrangers | service-public.fr". www.service-public.fr . Retrieved 24 April 2019.
13. ^ "Nationalité française d'un enfant né en France de parents étrangers". world wide web.service-public.fr.
14. ^ Civil Lawmaking of France, Article 343
15. ^ Le lawmaking ceremonious des Français, Article 21-17
16. ^ ^{a b} "Naturalisation". service-public.fr.
17. ^ "Circulaire INTK1207286C du xvi octobre 2022 relative aux procédures d'accès à la nationalité française" (PDF). interieur.gouv.fr.
18. ^ "Circulaire du 21 juin 2022 relative à fifty'accès à la nationalité française" (PDF). legifrance.gouv.fr.
19. ^ "Déclaration de nationalité française par mariage". service-public.fr.
20. ^ "The French Foreign Legion – the concluding option for those desperate to escape the UK." The Daily Telegraph. 3 December 2008. Retrieved on 28 June 2013.
21. ^ Loi n^o 2000-493 du 6 juin 2000 tendant à favoriser l'égal accès des femmes et des hommes aux mandats électoraux et fonctions électives (in French)
22. ^ B. Villalba. "Chapitre ii – Les incertitudes de la citoyenneté" (in French). Catholic University of Lille, Police force Department. Archived from the original on sixteen November 2006. Retrieved 3 May 2006.
23. ^ ^{a b c d} Joseph-Gabriel, Annette K., Reimagining Liberation: How Black Women Transformed Citizenship In the French Empire.
24. ^ "Global Ranking – Passport Index 2018" (PDF). Henley & Partners. Retrieved 22 May 2018.
25. ^ "Globe's Elevation Nationalities Revealed: France Is No. 1, U.S. Ranks 27". world wide web.forbes.com. 26 April 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
26. ^ "Loi n°93-933 of 23 July 1993". legifrance.gouv.fr.
27. ^ "Loi n° 73-42 of 9 Jan 1973". legifrance.gouv.fr.
28. ^ Bertossi, Christophe (April 2010). "Report on French republic" (PDF). EUDO Citizenship Observatory: 7–8. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
29. ^ Bertossi, 4.
30. ^ "Ordonnance north° 45-2441 du xix octobre 1945 portant lawmaking de la nationalité française – Légifrance". www.legifrance.gouv.fr . Retrieved 3 March 2021. Article. ix.— Jusqu'à une date qui sera fixée par décret, et au plus tard à fifty'expiration du délai de cinq ans suivant la date de la cessation légale des hostilités, l'acquisition d'une nationalité étrangère par un Français du sexe masculin, âgé de moins de 50 ans, ne lui fait perdre la nationalité française qu'avec fifty'autorisation du Gouvernement français.
31. ^ ^{a b c d} "Décision n° 2013-360 QPC". Cairn Info. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
32. ^ Bertossi, 5.
33. ^ "Loi north° 54-395 du 9 avril 1954 modifiant l'article nine de l'ordonnance north° 45-2441 du 19 octobre 1945 portant code de la nationalité française – Légifrance". world wide web.legifrance.gouv.fr. Article unique. — 50'article 9 de 50'ordonnance due north° 45-2441 du 19 octobre 1945 est modifié ainsi qu'il suit: « Art. ix. — Jusqu'à une date qui sera fixée par décret, l'acquisition d'une nationalité étrangère par un Français du sexe masculin ne lui fait perdre la nationalité française qu'avec fifty'autorisation du Gouvernement français. « Cette autorisation es.t de droit lorsque le demandeur a acquis une nationalité étrangère après l'âge de cinquante ans. « Les Français du sexe masculin, âgés de moins de cinquante ans, qui ont acquis une nationalité étrangère entre le 1 juin 1951 et la date d'entrée en vigueur de la présente loi, seront réputés northward'avoir pas perdu la nationalité française nonobstant les termes de fifty'article 88 du code de la nationalité française. Ils devront, s'ils désirent perdre la nationalité française, en demander l'autorisation au Gouvernement français, conformément aux dispositions de l'commodity 91 dudit code. Cette autorisation est de droit ».
34. ^ Bertossi, 7.
35. ^ "Article 87 de l'ordonnance n° 45-2441 du 19 octobre 1945 et article 9 de fifty'ordonnance n° 45-2441 du nineteen octobre 1945 issu de la loi n° 54-395 du nine avril 1954". www.courdecassation.fr. Cour de cassation. Retrieved v March 2021.
36. ^ "2014, FEMMES : FIN D'UNE Discrimination". Français du monde – adfe – Tunisie (in French). 28 Baronial 2018. Retrieved five March 2021.
37. ^ "Conséquences sur la nationalité de la décision du Conseil constitutionnel du 9 janvier 2022 – Sénat". www.senat.fr . Retrieved 5 March 2021.
38. ^ Bertossi, 17.
39. ^ ^{a b c} "L'homme déchu de sa nationalité après avoir épousé un Néerlandais pourrait redevenir Français en 2009" (in French). Le Monde. AFP. ii May 2008. Retrieved five March 2021.
40. ^ "Services aux citoyens". France Diplomatie : : Ministère de 50'Europe et des Affaires étrangères.
41. ^ "France". European Union. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
42. ^ Article 20(2)(c) of the Treaty on the Operation of the European Wedlock.
43. ^ Rights away: Right to consular protection: a right to protection by the diplomatic or consular authorities of other Fellow member States when in a non-EU Fellow member State, if there are no diplomatic or consular authorities from the citizen's own state (Article 23): this is due to the fact that not all member states maintain embassies in every country in the world (14 countries take but one embassy from an Eu state). Antigua and Barbuda (Great britain), Barbados (UK), Belize (Great britain), Fundamental African Republic (France), Union of the comoros (France), Gambia (UK), Republic of guyana (UK), Republic of liberia (Germany), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (UK), San Marino (Italy), São Tomé and Príncipe (Portugal), Solomon Islands (Britain), Timor-Leste (Portugal), Vanuatu (France)
44. ^ "Treaty on the Role of the Eu (consolidated version)" (PDF). Eur-lex.europa.eu. Retrieved ten July 2015.
45. ^ François Masure, "Etat et identité nationale. Un rapport ambigu à propos des naturalisés, in Journal des anthropologues, hors-série 2007, pp.39–49 (see p.48) (in French)
46. ^ Weil, Patrick (22 May 2018). "Nib Clinton: The French Years". The New York Times.
47. ^ "Goodbye White House...bonjour Paris?". CNN. 17 January 2001.
48. ^ Grace Wyler (26 September 2012). "Beak Clinton Has Figured Out How He Could Be President Again".
49. ^ Joshua Keating Wed (26 September 2012). "Lamentable, Bill Clinton. You can't be president of French republic or Republic of ireland".
50. ^ "No, Bill Clinton Tin't Run for the French Presidency". 11 March 2013.

Bibliography [edit]

• Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Deutschland, by Rogers Brubaker, Harvard University Press (1992) ISBN 0-674-13177-0
• Peasants Into Frenchmen : The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914, by Eugen Weber, Chatto and Windus (1977) ISBN 0-7011-2210-ii

External links [edit]

• Conquering de la nationalité française (in French)
• Acquiring some other Citizenship (France) (archived from the original on 2007-08-07)
• official website of the CIMADE, an ecumenist NGO helping immigrants (including illegal immigrants) in their juridical demands.
• GISTI ("Groupe d'Information et de Soutien aux Travailleurs Immigrés" (same: "Group of Information and Support of Immigrants Workers", although they also carry more than directly activist actions, such as blocking controversial expelling by charter, mainly by informing all passengers of the plane: every bit the pilot is the merely authorization on board, he may refuse to embark an illegal conflicting, thus blocking police's attempts)
• CITIZENSHIP IN France.; A NEW LAW WHICH CLASHES WITH AMERICAN IDEAS." The New York Times – Baronial half-dozen, 1889
• Geneanum : French naturalization records for genealogical purposes
• fr:Nationalité française

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_nationality_law

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